Facing
Facing is the operation of machining the ends of a piece of work to produce a flat surface square with the axis. This is also used to cut the work to the required length. The operation involves feeding the tool perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the work piece.
KNURLING
Knurling is the process of embossing a diamond shaped pattern on the surface of a work piece. The purpose of knurling is to provide an effective gripping surface on a work piece to prevent it from slipping when operated by hand. The tool is held rigidly on the tool post and the rollers are pressed against the revolving work piece to squeeze the metal against the multiple cutting edges, producing depressions in a regular pattern on the surface of the work piece.
FILING
Filing is the finishing operation performed after turning. This is done in a lathe to remove burrs, shape corners, and feed marks on a work piece and also to bring it to the size by removing very small amount of metal. The speed is usually twice that of turning. The file should b slowly moved forward so that the work may pass 2 to 3 revolutions during the cutting stroke. During the return stroke the pressure is relived but an end wise feeding movement is given, overlapping the previous cut.
fr. NTTF ( NETTUR TECHNICAL TRAINING FOUNDATION)
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