Plastic is an organic material formed from macromolecules and processed through a chemical process or through the synthesis of other materials. The word itself comes from the plastic plastikos (Greek) which means it can be formed. Plastics can be formed, cast or merged with another with relative ease. Plastic itself commercially daiam various forms of sheets, plates, film, rolls, and tube granulat with various cross-sectional shape. Polymer word was first used in 1866. Previous polymers made from natural organic material of animals and plants. With a variety of chemical reactions in the modified cellulose acetate cellulose, is used to for the manufacture of photographic film, sheet packaging, and textile fibers. Cellulose nitrate is also converted into cellulose for plastics, explosives, rayon and varnished. The first synthetic polymers which man is phenol-formaldehyde, a type of thermoset that was developed in 1906 called bakelit rian (the commercial name, LH Backeland, 1863-1944)
The development of modern plastics technology began in 1920, when the raw materials needed to manufacture the polymer material is then extracted from the tin and petroleum. Ethylene is the first example of such nentah materials, and the forming polyethylene block. Ethylene is a product of the reaction between acetylen with hydrogen, while acetylen is the result of reaction between coke and methane. Similarly, polypropylene, Polyvinylchlonde, Polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate and others made the same way. These materials are known as synthetic organic polymer. Although in Polyethylene only Carbon and Hydrogen atoms are involved, other polymers can be combined with chlorine, Florin, sulfur, silicon, nitrogen and oxygen. The result is to make the other advantages of each polymer.
The reason people use plastic materials as a basic material goods / tools are:
- Easily carried or formed
- Do not conduct electricity
- Able to pull a fairly high
- Low specific gravity
- Etc.
When compared to metal, plastic has advantages and disadvantages as follows;
1. Profit
a. Mild
b. Economical in progress
c. Corrosion-resistant
d. Vibration damping
e. Low heat dissipation
f. Surface / better display. Can be recycled (except type termosett). Complex formation can be manufactured
2. Loss
a. Low strength
b. Low thermal resistance
c. Dimensions are not Stable
d. Easy to change nature.
e. Difficult repairs.
f. More suitable for mass production
g. For some types of polymers are still expensive.
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