Examples of thermoplastics and their characteristics

Examples several types of thermoplastic with the characteristics.

- Poly Vinyl Chlorid (PVC)

Material properties:

a. Hard PVC

Thermoplastic, hard, rigid, transparent, capable of welding and glueing. Resistant to oil, acids, language, alcohol, but less resistant to solvents such as acetone, benzol, esters, temperature resistant up to 80 ° C.

b. Soft PVC

Greatly influenced by the amount of material given the softness softener that occur from such skin becomes rubbery. Clay, crack resistant, capable of being used to a temperature of 80 ° C, while the resistance to chemical solution under the hard PVC.

- Poly Styrol (PS)

Thermoplastics, such as glass, easy to be colored, at room temperature is relatively hard and rigid. Odorless and flammable, resistant to water, acids, bases, alcohols, oils but soluble in benzol, gasoline, acetone, ether. Can be glued and welded.

- Poly Methyl Metha Crylat (PMMA)

Thermoplastic, hard, brittle, scratch resistant, looks like glass, translucent, wear resistant, lightweight, easy to be colored, odorless, resistant to mild acids, alkalis, gasoline and oil, but not resistant to solvents.

- Poly Ethilen (PE)

Thermoplastic, soft material, clay, capable of working up to -40 ° C, low water absorption, resistant to acids, bases, solvents, alcohol, gasoline, water, oil, but do not hold HcIO and flammable.

- Polyamide (PA)

The name of the market is Nylon, thermoplastic properties, ductile at 2% -3% humidity, hard, brittle and stiff in the dry state. Color yellowish, opaque and easily colored. Able welded and glued also able to work on - ^ 40 ° C - 110 ° C.

- Polycarbonate (PC)

Thermoplastics, such as glass, capable of bouncer, capable of machining high, the shape does not change until heated at a temperature of 135 ° C, non-flammable, resistant to acids software (not concentrated), oil, gasoline and alcohol, are not resistant to alkali and solvents.

- Silicone (Si)

Heat resistant, have physical and chemical properties are very good, waterproof, capable diginakan at -90 ° C - 250 ° C, insulation material, material loading compactor for high humid areas.

- Polyurethane (PUR)

Is Elastomere, elastic like rubber, rub-resistant, scratch resistant, can be used at a temperature of -30 ° C - 80 ° C, resistant to oil, fuel, not acid resistant, alkali, solvents, hot water and flammable.

- Epoxydeharze

Elastomere, until light golden yellow color, hard and easy to work with machinery, resistant to weather changes and can be used up to 110 ° C, high electrical pengisolir, hold the soft acid, alkaline alcohol, oil, solvents, soluble in acetone and the Flammable .

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Quick-Build Products

For the development of some products, such as software and many electronics products, building and testing prototype models has become such a rapid process that the design-build-test cycle can be repeated many times. In fact, teams can take advantage of rapid iteration to achieve a more flexible and responsive product development process, sometimes called a spiral product development process. Following concept development in this process, the system-level design phase entails decomposition of the product into high-, medium-, and low-priority features. This is followed by several cycles of design, build, integrate, and test activities, beginning with the highest-priority items. This process takes advantage of the fast prototyping cycle by using the result of each cycle to learn how to modify the priorities for the next cycle. Customers may even be involved in the testing process after one or more cycles. When time or budget runs out, usually all of the high- and medium-priority features have been incorporated into the evolving product, and the low-priority features may be omitted until the next product generation.
References and Bibliography
Many current resources are available on the Internet via www.ulrich-eppinger.net
Stage-gate product development processes have been dominant in manufacturing firms for the past 30 years. Cooper describes the modem stage-gate process and many of its enabling practices.
Cooper, Robert G., Winning at New Products: Accelerating the Process from Idea to Launch, third edition, Perseus Books, Cambridge, MA, 2001.
 

Thermoplastic materials

Two main categories of Thermoplastic materials are amorphous and Crystaline. While some materials classified in other categories and some of the material is a combination of both. Polymers like Polymethylmethacrylate, Polycarbonate and Polystyrene is an amorphous polymer chains, ie with a random molecular chain structure and become actively engaged in a wide temperature range. This means that the material is not called liquid but more accurate to say softened. And this material begins to soften so heating is carried out. Increasingly soft as the heat absorbed, until finally absorbing a lot of heat and eventually called the "melting".




Amorphous polymers do not have a specific melting point. At low temperatures they are hard, dense, brittle and luster, at high temperatures such as rubber or leather. Temperature when the transition occurs is called the Glass-Transition Temperature (Tg), also called Point glass or glass temperature.

In Crystaline material, regular molecular chain structure and become active only after the material is heated to its melting point. This means that these materials do not pass through a phase softened, but remained solid until heated at certain temperature and instantly melted material.



Differences property amorphous and Crystaline


Amorphous

* Net

* Low Shrinkage

* Softened

* The high mashed

* Lack of chemical resistant


Crystaline

* Opaque

* Depreciation high

* Melt

* Low Power mashed

* Hold chemicals



Examples of materials based on molecular structure


Amorphous

* ABS

* Acrylic

* Polyamide

* Polyacrylate

* Polycarbonate

* Polystyrene

* Polyurethane


Crystaline

* Acetal

* Nylon

* Polyester (PBT)

* Polyethylene

* Polyethyleneterephthalate (PET)

* Polypropylene

* Polyvinylcloride (PVC)



To improve the ductile properties of amorphous glass below its transition temperature we can mix it with some elastomers. This is known as an elastomer polymers dimodofikasi into rubber. Some examples of the elastomer is Acrylates, Butyls, Fluorosilicon, Fuorocarbons Polysulfids polyurethane.

The ability of plastics to return to his native structure after heating and then softened or melted in other words, reversible process called Thermoplastic. If we raise the temperature above the Tg of his skin then first became such as rubber along with the addition of temperature. finally at a temperature above its melting point at Crystaline become viscous fluid with a viscosity decreases with further increase in temperature. In the liquid phase resembles a plastic ice cream can be formed. Because of its recyclable plastic can then be formed up to several times, but repetition of heating and cooling causes the reduction in the quality of the plastic.

When Thermoplastic deformed or are interested, this process is called orientation. Like the metal polymer becomes anisotropic. Specimens become more powerful and solid in the direction of pull than the transverse direction. Another important thing is the ability of water-absorbing polymer. Water makes the plastic becomes more plastic. With the addition of moisture, Glasstransition Temperature, voltage and modulus of elasticity will be lower. Dimensional changes also occur due to moisture environment.


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High-Risk Products

The product development process addresses many types of risk. These include technical

risk (Will the product function properly?), market risk (Will customers like what the team

develops?), and budget and schedule risk (Can the team complete the project on time an

within budget?). High-risk products are those that entail unusually large uncertainties related

to the technology or market so that there is substantial technical or market risk. The generic product development process is modified to face high-risk situations by taking steps to address the largest risks in the early stages of product development. This usually requires completing some design and test activities earlier in the process. For example, when there is great uncertainty regarding customer acceptance of a new product, concept testing using renderings or user-interface prototypes may be done very early in the process in order to reduce the market uncertainty and risk. If there is high uncertainty related to technical performance of the product, it makes sense to build working models of the key features and to test these earlier in the process. Multiple solution paths may be explored in parallel to ensure that one of the solutions succeeds. Design reviews must assess levels of risk on a regular basis, with the expectation that risks are being reduced over time and not being postponed.

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References and Bibliography

Many current resources are available on the Internet via www.ulrich-eppinger.net

Stage-gate product development processes have been dominant in manufacturing firms for the past 30 years. Cooper describes the modem stage-gate process and many of its enabling practices.

Cooper, Robert G., Winning at New Products: Accelerating the Process from Idea to Launch, third edition, Perseus Books, Cambridge, MA, 2001.

for STEP BY STEP GUIDE solidwork simple tutorial please visit.........

www.solidworksimpletutorial.blogspot.com

---or---

www.solidwork-simple-tutorial.com