PRODUCT DESIGN

Members of Design Teams

The number and type of individuals that comprise a design team is largely determined by the size of the design project. Even though an individual is assigned to a team, all members may not be involved at all times. In a concurrent engineering environment the team members work together to meet the common goal. Typical members of a design team might include:

I. Product design engineer-responsible for the overall product design.

2. Product manager-the person who has the ultimate responsibility for a design and its team.

3. Mechanical engineer-responsible for mechanical and electromechanical product development.

4. Electrical engineer-responsible for electronic components of the design.

5. Manufacturing engineer-responsible for the manufacturing processes used to create the product.

6. Software engineer-responsible for any computer software code needed for a product.

7. Detailer/drafter-assists the engineers with the 3-D modeling and documentation of the product.

8. Materials engineer-responsible for the selection of the material hest suited for a product.

9. Quality control engineer-responsible for meeting the quality guidelines for the product and its

manufacture.

10. Industrial designer-responsible for the product's appearance, form. and human factors analysis.

II. Vendor representatives-responsible for any outsourcing required by the company making the design.

The Engineering Design Process

Bertoline-Wiebe-Miller: Fundamentals of Graphics Communication,

The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2001

Mechanical properties

Strength

The nominal yield strength shall be in the range of 235 N/mm2 to 690 N/mm2. The nominal tensile strength shall be in the range of 300 N/mm2 to 1000 N/mm2.

Ductility

The elongation after fracture on proportional gauge length shall be at least 15 %, for nominal yield strength not greater than 460 N/mm2; and shall be at least 10 % for nominal yield strength greater than 460 N/mm2.

The tensile strength to yield strength ratio shall be at least 1.2 based on nominal values, or at least 1.1 based on actual values, for nominal yield strength not greater than 460 N/mm2.

NOTE Conversion of elongation values measured not based on proportional gauge length is necessary and shall be performed according to BS EN ISO 2566-1.

Impact toughness

As a minimum, the product shall be able to absorb at least 27 J of impact energy at 20 °C.

NOTE Depending on other factors including the thickness and minimum service temperature, the impact toughness should also conform to the appropriate requirements as given in BS 5950-1.

Through thickness deformation properties

Where appropriate, through thickness deformation properties shall be specified to guarantee adequate

deformation capacity perpendicular to the surface to provide ductility and toughness against lamellar tearing.

NOTE Specification of through thickness deformation properties can be referred to BS EN 10164.

Design Guide on Use of

Alternative

Steel

Materials

to BS 5950

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Cold runner

Expenditures runner of the mold.

Way of the runner of the mold usually closely related to the type of gate is used. From this emerged a two plate mold design and three-plate mold. Gate Mold type: strip gate, tunnel gate and gate flash,

if there is no requirement or a specific form of the product, mold will be designed with two plates.

At the time of mold starts to open, regardless of the sprue runner R for pin carried by runners who have undercut at the edges.Meanwhile, the gate tunnel cavity disconnected from the product because it was interrupted by the lip of the pit gate. At the opening of the next runner mold and product driven by the stripper plate, the runner forcibly detached from the undercut at the end of the runner-pin, then fell with the product. Here can be seen, that the mold with a tunnel gate will produce a product that has been separated from the runner. Being a product with a strip gate still hung with runnernya, to require additional work to cut the tow runner from the product.

Design tasks

The design tasks of this particular project were a bit unusual. The contracting utility had already built the reactor and the buildings to house the control room. The control room designers, therefore, had to design a control room for an already existing plant, with consideration of the sensors and actuators that were present. Functional

information, however, was largely lacking. For example, it would be known from plant drawings that a certain feedwater stream had x number of valves of which some

were manually controllable. Functionally, however, it would not be known what purpose that feedwater stream served. In many cases, engineers had to infer design purposes from the drawings. For the most part, the plant was `wired already, meaning that sensors and their signals already existed. In particular, the level of automation of plant systems was pre-determined. In addition, the control room itself had to "t within the existing space allotted for the control room, with walls, doors, and basic wiring in fixed locations.

A participant-observer study of ergonomics in engineering design:

how constraints drive design process

Catherine M. Burns*,1, Kim J. Vicente

Cognitive Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada