Computer to Plate versus Computer to Film

Computer to Plate (CTP) is an imaging technology used in modern printing processes. In this technology, images are created in a Desktop Publishing (DTP) application and output directly to a printing plate. Unlike the previous technology where computer files are output to the form of film, and this film is then used to make printing plates. CTP has advantages over conventional platemaking. With CTP, the need for films and related developed chemicals is eliminated. CTP improves the sharpness and detail of the image on the plate. CTP avoids the potential loss in quality that may occur during the unselect of film, including scratches in the film, and variations in exposure. Plates are produced in less time, are more consistent and at a lower cost. CTP can also increase registers in the print process. The CTP system can significantly increase the plate production output. The platesetter for newspaper production can output up to 300 plates per hour at 1270 dpi (dots per inch), while for commercial applications the CTP system can produce 60 plates at 2400 dpi. 

Computer to plate (CTP) is an imaging technology used in modern printing machine processes. In this technology, an image created in a Desktop Publishing (DTP) application is output directly to a printing plate. This compares with the older technology, Computer to film (CTF), where the computer file is output onto a photographic film. This film is then used to make a printing plate, in a similar manner to a contact proof in darkroom photography. 

Advantages of CTP CTP has several advantages over conventional platemaking. In CTP, one generation (transfer of film image to the printing plate) is removed from the printing process, increasing sharpness and detail. Plates are produced in less time, are more consistent, and at a lower cost. CTP can also improve registration and image-to-edge repeatability over traditional methods. CTP, the media is registered (held in precise position) in the platesetter during imaging, and does not rely on a separately-aligned pin grid, as is the case with film. Defects due to dust, scratches or other artifacts are minimized. CTP systems can significantly increase print shop productivity. The fastest platesetters can output more than 120 12-inch plates per hour, punched and ready to hang on the press. CTP decreases dot gain slightly by eliminating the increase in halftone dot size which can occur in the film-to-plate exposure process when negative film is used (Mainly US) CTP increases dot gain slightly by eliminating the decrease in halftone dot size which can occur in the film-to-plate exposure process when positive film is used (Mainly Europe) Small portrait presses that typically create 1 or 2 color output can use anything from a standard laser printer, for low quality/low volume, up to a higher-end dedicated platesetter for higher quality and volume. 

Computer to Film Computer to Film (CTF) is a print workflow involving the printing from a computer, straight to film. This film is then burned onto a lithographic plate, using a plate burner. The plate is then put on an offset printing press to make a product (usually thousands of copies). This process requires a clean environment, skilled workers, and a well thought out proofing system / workflow to maximize quality. CTF is being replaced with the more advanced CTP (Computer to Plate) technology.

INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS

The use of goods made of plastic from time to time shows a very rapid development, is widespread in almost all sectors of human life such as use for: household appliances and supplies including for clothing and cosmetic supplies, office equipment and supplies, educational facilities, buildings. , transformation, electrical and electronic equipment, automotive industry, aircraft, agriculture and fisheries and many other uses.

          This is because plastic has the ability to replace materials made of wood, metals, rubber, leather, glass and others.

          In line with the development of the use of plastics, the development of the plastic industry and plastic processing facilities has developed rapidly.

          In the process of processing plastics into plastic goods, it is known that there are several types of plastic processing machines such as: thermoforming, extrusion, blowmolding, injection molding, tubes and many more. From a group of plastic processing machines, it can be grouped based on the work process, namely machines that work continuously and machines that work in cycles, injection molding, including machines that work in a cycle.

         The injection molding machine has a function to change the plastic material from the form of granules [plastic seeds] or pudding into plastic goods that have shapes.

         Of the many plastic products, almost 80% are products of plastic.

         The process is that the plastic material in the form of granules or pudding is heated until it melts, then injected with the help of a plunger screw push into a hollow mold and cooled, the limer plastic then freezes. Hardened and shaped according to the shape of the cavity, finally the product is removed.

        The process steps are called a cycle, that is, the process steps will always repeat themselves when one operation step is completed.

        The quality of the process [product] will greatly depend on the operating conditions of the machine, the quality of the material being processed and the condition of the machine itself, where the condition of the machine will be good if all the components or parts of the machine and the mold are working properly and in balance.

a) The mold is closed and held, the material has been injected into the mold.

b) The screw moves backwards, the replacement material drops and enters the cylinder and collects in the space at the front of the cylinder.

c) The results of the process (product) are removed from the mold / mold.

 

Image: Injection Machine

The main parts of the Injection Machine are:

a) Clamping unit, serves to place, open and close, operate and hold the mold / mold during the injection process.

b) Injection unit, consisting of several machine parts needed for: filling, melting and injection of materials into the mold / mold.

c) Power unit equipment that provides and supplies power for the clamping and injection units.

d) Control unit, equipment that regulates temperature, pressure and time.

Easy Way and Quickly Draw With AutoCAD

Here we will start drawing a simple product first, using the existing facilities in AutoCAD 2012

The first step we have to do in order to use AutoCAD 2012 is to install the software via CD-ROM.

If you are not familiar with installing AutoCAD, you can ask someone who is familiar with computer systems for help.

For those who want to try to install it yourself, the steps that must be taken to install AutoCAD 2012 are:

1. Run the AutoCAD Installation wizard (SETUP.EXE) from the CD or hard drive

2. Select english for the language (language) used to install and click Install Product

3. In the Select the Product to Install screen, checklist Autocad 2012 and Autodesk Material Library 2012 then click Next

4. In the License Agreement window, select I Accept and click Next

5. In the User and Product Information display, fill in the required data and fill in the serial number and product key / keygen, then click Next.

6. In the Begin Installation section, click Install and when asked whether to use the default configuration / settings,

click yes. Because by default, AutoCad will install for personal computers.

7. Wait for the AutoCad program to finish installing.

8. Click Finish.

AutoCad has finished installing on the computer.

If we use the crack to activate the Autocad code, you can extract the crack on the CD

to the program file where AutoCad is installed, namely in C: \ Program Files \ Autodesk \ AutoCAD 2012 - English

By default, AutoCAD assigns a shortcut placeholder on the desktop.

We can double click this shortcut

To start AutoCAD or you can start> Program> Autodesk> AutoCAD 2012> AutoCAD 2012.

Atom Electrons Protons Neutron

Atom

Atom is a very small unit in every material that is around us. Atom consists of three types of subatomic particles:

- electrons, which have a negative charge;

- protons, which have a positive charge;

- neutron, which is not charged.

Each element is unique differentiated by the number protons contained in the atom of these elements. Every atom has the number of electrons that are equal to the number of protons; when there is a difference in these atoms called ion.

Many other elements are created by humans, but they are usually unstable and spontaneously transformed into a naturally stable chemical element through a process of radioactivity.

Even though there are only 91 elements in nature, they can occur bonds with each other into molecules and other types of chemical compounds. Molecules are formed of many atoms. The water molecule is a combination of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 atom oxygen.

Atomic nucleus

The center of the atom is called the atomic nucleus or nucleus. The atomic nucleus consists of protons and neutrons. The number of protons in the atomic nucleus is called the atomic number, and determines its form elements what atoms are.

The size of the atomic nucleus is much smaller than the size of the atom itself, and almost partly

mostly made up of protons and neutrons, almost absolutely no contribution from electron.

Protons and neutrons have almost the same mass, and the sum of the two masses is called the mass number, and it weighs almost the same as. The mass of the electrons is very small and doesn't contribute much to the atomic mass.

The number of protons and neutrons determines the type of the nucleus or atomic nucleus. Protons and

neutrons have almost the same mass, and the number combination, the number of masses, on average

equal to the atomic mass of an atom. The combined mass of electrons is very small ratio to the mass of the nucleus, because the weight of the protons and neutrons is almost 2000 times the mass of an electron.

Neutron

Neutrons or neutrons are subatomic particles which are not charged (neutral) and has a mass of 1.6749 × 10-27 kg, slightly heavier than a proton. The atomic nucleus of most atoms are made up of protons and neutrons.

The main difference between neutrons and other subatomic particles is that they are not charged. This nature of the neutrons made his discoveries more backward, and very penetrating, made it difficult to observe in person and made it very important as an agent in nuclear change.

Proton

In physics, a proton is a subatomic particle with a positive charge of 1.6 × 10-19 coulombs and a mass of 1.6726231 × 10-27 kg, or about 1800 times the mass of a electron.

An atom usually consists of a number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus (middle) atom, and the number of electrons surrounding that nucleus. In charged atoms neutral, the number of protons will equal the number of electrons. The number of protons in the section the nucleus will usually determine the chemical properties of an atom. The atomic nucleus is often known as the term nuclei, nucleus, or nucleon (English: nucleon), and the reaction that occurs or related to the nucleus of this atom is called a nuclear reaction. 

Factors Affecting Product Design

In making product designs, it's good that we need to know what we have to prepare in the process of making a unique and attractive product design in order to attract consumer interest.
Product design is a tool in production management starting from previous research and development.
Doing product design is not just a decoration of the product, but whether the design is able to influence our products will be accepted or not by consumers.
The importance of product design lies in determining in detail the design of the product to be made, as well as the classification so that it fits the desired objectives.
Factors that influence Product Design include:
-Product function
Each product that will be produced has a different function or use, this depends on what purposes the product is made for. Thus that product design is related to the form and function of a product. Both play an important role in determining a product design which is basically to provide maximum satisfaction for consumers or customers both in terms of quality and quantity.
-Design Standards and Specifications
In terms of specifications and design standards of a product, it will be seen from how to join the parts so that when they are put together into a strong unit
When designing the shape it is necessary to pay attention to beauty by adjusting the design according to its function and use.
Plan a balanced size of product parts as a whole.
The quality of a product must be adjusted according to the function of the product, if it is to be used for a long time, then the quality of the product must be high when compared to the product that will be used in a short period of time.
If the product to be used wants to have good quality, then the materials used must also be able to support everything that is expected to be realized and the customer feels their own satisfaction.
Color has its own meaning for consumers, because each person has a unique characteristic and preference for certain colors. And this is what the company must pay attention to in order to compete with other similar companies.
-Product responsibility
This is one of the responsibilities of the producer as a product maker to consumers for the safety and comfort of the product's user. Therefore this factor is very important to be considered by the company when designing the product.
-Price and Volume
Prices are associated with the number of products to be made, for products to be made based on orders, usually the selling price will be different from products made to be distributed to broad consumers, whose prices are relatively cheaper so that the product design will be different.
-Prototype
Prototype is the first product model to be made, this prototype shows the actual form and function, so that before the company produces the prototype is made an effort to make first.
From the prototype testing, if it passes the test it may provide an overview of the changes that need to be made as well as information in the final preparation of the product design.
-Factors of the Beauty of Product Design
If the packaging is beautiful and can attract the attention of consumers, consumers will be interested in buying it. For example, the marketing strategy for food products, this part of the industry is very important for displaying packaging images that can arouse appetites for consumers who see it.

Alufoil Aluminum Foil

Aluminum Foil is an aluminum alloy made in thin sheet form. The thickness of Aluminum Foil ranges from 0.2 mm and contains about 92% to 99% Aluminum. Aluminum Foil is available in a variety of sizes and characteristics and is mainly used to package various goods. Aluminum Foil is sometimes also coated with plastic to make it stronger. Aluminum processing was first introduced by Hans Christian Oersted in 1825. Then continued by Friedrich Wöhler for resulting in more effective aluminum processing. But processing aluminum at that time was still very expensive and made the final product price aluminum is much more expensive than gold. In 1908, aluminum was produced with a thickness of 0.05mm with a rolling pack system by Alfred Gautschi. The following years aluminum production became increasingly modern, that is means that aluminum foil can be produced to be thinner and wider accordingly needs. 

The European Aluminum Foil Association provides several facts about aluminum foil. 

-Aluminum foil is a very thin sheet of aluminum (range 0.02 µm to 0.2 mm) 

-Aluminum foil is generally used for packaging and lamination as well has the advantage: 

Absolute material that can protect the contents. 

Provide quality warranty contents by protecting fragrances 

Protects contents from light, oxygen, moisture, and contamination 

-Aluminum foil saves far more resources than that consumed in production throughout the supply and value chain. With facts about aluminum foil which is very efficient as wrapping material, often aluminum foil is almost a raw material packaging coating on each product.

Use Alumunium foil in food 

When making bread, wrap it in Aluminum Foil paper to keep it warm. 

Use the Aluminum Foil paper to melt the sugar, so even desserts will taste more delicious due to the spread evenly. 

When making pies you are usually troubled by the burnt edges. But that won't happen if you base the Aluminum Foil on the baking sheet. 

When baking a cake, it is not necessary to spend a lot of money buying the molds. Just use the Aluminum Foil paper by forming it like a cone and cutting a little of the sharp part.